Conditional Sentences
People often make wishes when they want reality to be different, to be exactly the opposite of (contrary to) the true situation.
1. Future Possible
A noun clause usually follows wish. Special verb forms are used in the noun clause. When a speaker expresses a wish about a present situation, s/he uses a past verb form.
Example :
a. I wish (that) I knew how to dance.
The true situation à I don’t know how to dance.
b. I wish I had a bicycle.
The true situation à I don’t have a bicycle.
2. Present Unreal
If is often used to talk about situations that contrary to fact, situations that are the opposite of the true situation.
Example :
a. If I had enough money, I would buy a car.
The true situation à I don’t have enough money
b. If the weather were nice today, I would go to the park.
The true situation à The weather isn’t nice today.
3. Past Unreal
Conditional sentences that discuss pass time have special verb forms :
IF-CLAUSE : the past perfect RESULT CLAUSE : would have/could have + past participle
Example :
a. If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car.
The true situation à I didn’t have enough money.
b. If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to the park.
The true situation à The weather wasn’t nice yesterday.
Passive Voice
Form of all passive verbs :
Be + Past Participle
BE can be in any of its form : am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be, etc.
THE PAST PARTICIPLE follows BE. For regular verbs, the past participle ends in –ed. Some past participles are irregular.
Example :
1. Active : Bob mailed the package.
Passive : The package was mailed by Bob.
2. Active : The teacher corrects our homework.
Passive : Our homework is corrected by the teacher.
3. Active : Mr. Lee will teach this class
Passive : This class will be taught by Mr. Lee.
4. Active : The teacher has helped Joe.
Passive : Joe has been helped by the teacher.
